Premature Ovarian Insufficiency · Climacteric & Menopause

Natural menopause is confirmed retrospectively after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and no other obvious cause. Perimenopause begins with the first changes in the menstrual cycle or related symptoms and continues until one year after the final period.

Possible changes include irregular cycles, hot flushes and night sweats, disturbed sleep, mood changes, vaginal dryness or discomfort, changes in sexual wellbeing, genitourinary symptoms and musculoskeletal discomfort. Some women have few or mild symptoms, while others need more support.

Hormonal and non-hormonal treatment options are available, but their suitability depends on symptoms, preferences and individual medical history. Decisions should be made with a doctor after discussing possible benefits and risks; prescribing or adjusting medication is not part of the support I provide.

A simple cycle and symptom diary can support a useful conversation with your gynaecologist or another healthcare professional. Note what happens, when it occurs, how much it affects sleep or daily life, and any medicines or supplements you already use.

• Prioritise consistent sleep routines, balanced nutrition and movement that feels safe and enjoyable for you.
• For hot flushes, try light layers of clothing and notice whether personal triggers make them more likely.
• Speak openly with a healthcare professional about vaginal or urinary discomfort; options are available and you do not have to endure it in silence.
• Include bone health, cardiovascular health and preventive checks in conversations about your overall care.